Question Captain Smith and the Ice Field

Nagy Gabor

Member
First of all, sorry for my bad english. My question is, did Captain Smith in his long career come across an ice field so large that it blocked the Titanic's path? If so, what was your usual procedure in such a case? It seems that on the Titanic they did not know the extent of the ice field, only the icebergs.
 
If you are told there will be a traffic jam at what point do you slow down? As you leave your driveway? Or when you actually view the traffic jam ahead?
I'd look for a different route to take, even if it meant getting to my destination a bit later.

Smith had a choice of rerouting very early on, especially if he bothered to plot the ice reported in the Baltic message. You said he didn't ignore these warmings. But what did he do about them? Have them posted in the chart room? Ho-hum. In fact, what extra precautions did Smith take at all? Name one.

You can't claim that he didn't know that ice might possibly be encountered in their path. Slowing down was not the first and only option available. As I've been saying, he had the choice of placing his engine room on standby in case quick maneuvering of engines was needed, or increasing and repositioning lookouts, or bothering to be out on the bridge while approaching the region as exemplified by other steamship commanders knowing that conditions that night made the sighting of bergs somewhat more difficult.

Lets face it. He did nothing.
 
I'd look for a different route to take, even if it meant getting to my destination a bit later.
If you did that as a bus driver I don't think you would last long in your job! :)

The reality is that the outer southern track was designed to avoid ice, and so Smith adhered to it, as he was required to by the WSL. Lightoller was very specific about this when questioned during the Senate inquiry (please note might highlight in bold):

We receive our orders; the routes are laid down. As a matter of fact, these routes are laid down by some of your naval men in the United States, and we adhere to them. We have an ice route. When ice is very prevalent and we know that a lot of ice is coming down from the north and we have been notified of it, we sometimes are instructed to take what we call the ice track, or extreme southern route, coming west…they come from the company…You get it before you leave port… I have never known the route to be changed by the commander. (“United States Senate Hearings into the Sinking of the RMS Titanic” (1912), Day 5, 24 April 1912, testimony of Charles H. Lightoller)​

You can't claim that he didn't know that ice might possibly be encountered in their path.
I don't think anyone has. Smith and his officers had plotted the ice so knew they might encounter it - or might not. Ice is not a fixed position, it moves, and Smith was adhering to a course designed to avoid it. Asking him to slow down in such good visibility before reaching it would be the same as expecting a bus driver to slow down hours before reaching that hypothetical traffic jam that could appear anywhere - or disappear. Of course, once he sights it ahead he will slow down or find an alternative route. Smith had a track record of slowing down when conditions called for it.

As I've been saying, he had the choice of placing his engine room on standby in case quick maneuvering of engines was needed, or increasing and repositioning lookouts, or bothering to be out on the bridge while approaching the region as exemplified by other steamship commanders knowing that conditions that night made the sighting of bergs somewhat more difficult.
But arguably none of these things would have changed the outcome. And indeed Smith was on the bridge - the chartroom where he was last sighted is, according to White Star guidelines, part of the bridge. And he had not signed off for the night, so was still on duty. The two key officers on the bridge during the minutes leading up to collision were lost - so there is a huge amount we do not know.

Lets face it. He did nothing.

Sorry Sam, but I think that is a very unfair accusation. He had plotted ice, he conferred with his OOW on the conditions, he had left instructions if the conditions changed to be instantly notified. His OOW had ensured the lookouts were briefed and the bridge clear of light pollution. That is not "nothing." There are no doubt many other things Smith did (he may well have been already plotting a course to avoid ice once encountered) that we simply do not know about because he along with his two senior officers were lost.

To ask him to slow down before reaching the ice, to expect the unexpected, is retrospective wishful thinking of an "armchair" critic as Lightoller put it. And I think we can all do better than that and try and understand what it was like on that night, see it through their eyes, understand the context without being contaminated by hindsight and avoid rushing into judgmental assumptions.
 
When ice is very prevalent and we know that a lot of ice is coming down from the north and we have been notified of it, we sometimes are instructed to take what we call the ice track, or extreme southern route, coming west…they come from the company…You get it before you leave port… I have never known the route to be changed by the commander.
"We sometimes are instructed to take ... ?" Hog wash. Not sometimes. That route was taken every time during the designated months. It's in the IMM rule book. Commanders are also given permission to deviate from these published routes at their own discretion if conditions warrant them to do so. The time to deviate is when you have information about what is likely to be encountered ahead, not if or when you first encounter it.
But arguably none of these things would have changed the outcome.
How can you say that none of those things would have changed the outcome? They may or they may not have. But those are measures that were taken by other commanders aimed at reducing the risk to their vessels.
To ask him to slow down before reaching the ice, to expect the unexpected, is retrospective wishful thinking
I'm not asking or saying that the first measure is to slow down. I'm saying that compared to other commanders, there is a lot more he could have done given the information he knew about. However, he was so over confident that nothing bad would happen, he decided that he didn't need to take any of those other precautionary measures.

You have your opinion, and I have mine about the revered captain Smith. Let's just leave it at that.
 
The time to deviate is when you have information about what is likely to be encountered ahead, not if or when you first encounter it.
Absolutely. But in the case of ice, it is constantly changing. To plot a course to avoid a reported ice position could effectively align you with where it has moved. Which is why Smith adhered to the southern track he was instructed to follow, until sighting an absolute position of ice that he could consequently avoid. Biographer Gary Cooper believes he was in the chartroom plotting a course to avoid ice once sighted.
But those are measures that were taken by other commanders aimed at reducing the risk to their vessels.
Was the engine room slack in its response to Murdoch's orders? Would an extra pair of eyes have sighted the iceberg earlier? I think reasonably neither of those factors was the key issue. Unlike other lines, the WSL had dedicated/trained full-time lookouts. As for "other commanders," captains of the same or similar experience to Smith were questioned and did not believe he was reckless - many said they would have done exactly the same.
However, he was so over confident that nothing bad would happen, he decided that he didn't need to take any of those other precautionary measures.
But was he? That is the tabloid headline summary for the masses - that Captain Smith was so "overconfident" that he proclaimed his ship unsinkable, and hence did not think he needed enough lifeboats and just ignored any ice warnings. It makes for a simple story. And like any good story his arrogance got his comeuppance they claim.

Of course, none of this holds water under close examination. The term "unsinkable" had been bandied about for at least a decade in regards to contemporary shipbuilding and almost all ships (including the Carpathia, ironically, as Lawrence Beesley observed) had lifeboats for less than half its passengers. It had nothing to do with Smith's overconfidence. And when examining his actions up until the collision there is nothing to suggest "overconfidence" - more precisely he was following protocols of the day, and with clear visibility was simply confident in the ability of his officers to spot ice in time to make any required course corrections/speed alterations. That is complacency at most.

You have your opinion, and I have mine about the revered captain Smith. Let's just leave it at that
I have never personally revered Smith. For decades I have been of the opinion that he was not a natural-born sailor (like Murdoch) and was too old and out-of-date/out-touch for the size of the Olympic-class ships. That he was the result of blatant nepotism and good-luck. I also believe he should have responded better to the precise weather conditions that night even though it was outside of the operating protocol. And that he should have handled communication with his officers better during the evacuation. .

Questioning unfairly retrospective claims of "recklessness" or "negligence" does not mean you "revere" someone. It simply means you are more interested in facts than casting judgment.
 
Back
Top