It depends on the exact situation. It takes water time to flow, plus the dome windows would have been beneath the dome itself. Plus, there's more than 80 feet of ship under the staircase, which is basically a big well down into the ship, flowing into most decks all the way down to F deck. So there's plenty of space for that water to go before it starts pooling up under the dome.
There's a good chance that there was a lot of air under the dome when it got pulled under. The weight of the seawater above would have pushed the dome inward into this air pocket.